What Is Meant by the Closure of a Set of Functional Dependencies? A functional dependency is a one-way dependency between two attributes at any given time. For a unique attribute of value A there is one value of the attribute B associated with it through the relation. Even if the values for the attribute change, there …

The Reasons For Having Variable-Length Records And The Use Of Separator Characters There may be many reasons for a file having variable-length records, as described by Elmasri & Navathe (2015). They are described as one field that may need to be a varying size, a field that may contain a repeating group or value, a …

Insertion, Deletion, and Modification Anomalies Are Considered Bad An insertion anomaly is a situation that arises when one is prevented from inserting data into a relation because the complete primary key is not available. No part of a primary key can be null. Harrington (2009) points out that insertion anomalies …

How Is SQL Query Retrieved, and Conceptually, What Is The Order oF Executing Each of The Six Clauses? SQL or the Structured Query Language described by Bowman, Emerson, & Darnovsky (1997) was proposed in 1970 by Dr. E. F. Codd at IBM and developed the SQL language over the next decade at research facilities and …

How Does One Choose Between the SQL Right Join Inner vs. Outer in SQL? An SQL Join is an operation of accessing the data from two or more tables or relations. In simple terms, a join occurs whenever multiple tables or relations appear in the FROM clause of a query, as described by Bhanuprakash, Nijagunarya & Jayaram …

The Mechanism of Attribute/Relationship Inheritance and Why it Useful The enhanced entity-relationship (EER) diagram includes the principles of the entity-relationship diagram with the addition of some other concepts as described by Tupper (2011). The additional concepts include subclasses and superclasses, …

Earned Value Management (EVM) and Agile Project Management - A Comparison This article explores the similarities and differences between EVM and burn charts in traditional and agile project management, discussing their applications and benefits. Earned Value Management (EVM) provides one of the most effective methods …

Summarize Enterprise Project Management (EPM) and Project Management Office (PMO) This article summarizes the Enterprise Project Management (EPM) model and Project Management Office (PMO) and how they relate to Agile Scrum and the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe). Summarize the Enterprise Project Management (EPM) model …

The Options for Mapping EER Model Constructs to Relations There are many ways of mapping the constructs from the EER model into the relational model. There are mapping of specializations or generalizations, shared subclasses, or multiple inheritance and categories. Several options are available for mapping several …

The main differences between designing relational and object databases** Object databases and (ODB) relationships have three distinct differences: how relationships are handled, how inheritance is handled, and the timing of specifying operations in object databases compared to relational databases as described by …