The Reasons For Having Variable-Length Records And The Use Of Separator Characters There may be many reasons for a file having variable-length records, as described by Elmasri & Navathe (2015). They are described as one field that may need to be a varying size, a field that may contain a repeating group or value, a …

How Is SQL Query Retrieved, and Conceptually, What Is The Order oF Executing Each of The Six Clauses? SQL or the Structured Query Language described by Bowman, Emerson, & Darnovsky (1997) was proposed in 1970 by Dr. E. F. Codd at IBM and developed the SQL language over the next decade at research facilities and …

The Mechanism of Attribute/Relationship Inheritance and Why it Useful The enhanced entity-relationship (EER) diagram includes the principles of the entity-relationship diagram with the addition of some other concepts as described by Tupper (2011). The additional concepts include subclasses and superclasses, …

The Options for Mapping EER Model Constructs to Relations There are many ways of mapping the constructs from the EER model into the relational model. There are mapping of specializations or generalizations, shared subclasses, or multiple inheritance and categories. Several options are available for mapping several …

The main differences between designing relational and object databases** Object databases and (ODB) relationships have three distinct differences: how relationships are handled, how inheritance is handled, and the timing of specifying operations in object databases compared to relational databases as described by …

The cursor and usage in embedded SQL The SQL language, by default, uses set-at-a-time processing. While this is used in most SQL queries, sometimes there is a need to loop through the set and execute a stored procedure or many different SQL statements for each row fetched. SELECT statements that return more than one …